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A typical aroma profile of a Sauvignon Blanc wine. (Image courtesy of the Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference)
 


From cut grass to cat's pee - what Sauvignon Blanc stylistics should prevail?
17 September 2012  by Christian Eedes
If you think Sauvignon Blanc is impervious to fashion, think again. US website Winesandvines.com reports that after Sauvignon Blanc was displaced by Pinot Grigio (Pinot Gris) as the second most popular white wine variety in the United States not so long ago, it ceded its third place status to fast-growing Muscat wines in January this year (Chardonnay by far the best-selling wine, red or white).
Sauvignon Blanc has undergone a dramatic rise in prominence in South Africa in recent times with plantings increasing by 81% between 2000 and 2011 to over 9 600ha. But now is precisely the time the industry should take stock of what has been achieved with the variety and where it wants to take it in the future.

The issue of the day is how much methoxypyrazine (the compound that gives Sauvignon Blanc its “green” aromatics and flavours) to tolerate and talking to some of the winemakers who had wines among the 20 finalists in this year’s FNB Sauvignon Blanc Top 10 competition, it appears that the category is undergoing a subtle but definite stylistic shift.

Suzanne Coetzee of Devon Valley property Clos Malverne excelled in having both her 2011 and 2012 in the last 20. Asked about her approach, she says, “I pick at full ripeness – between 21.5° and 22.5° Balling. It’s about being true to terroir. Super-green is not what we’re supposed to make.

Nicola Viljoen, assistant winemaker at D’Aria in Durbanville had a hand in another finalist The Songbird 2011. She graduated with a degree in oenology and viticulture from the University of Stellenbosch in 2006 and recalls drinking plenty of Sauvignon Blanc around that time in order to benchmark. “The wines were all greener in style – it’s what everybody thought good Sauvignon was supposed to taste like. Now we’re starting to realise that basically we were dealing with unripe fruit. There’s a move to pick at higher Ballings later in the season”.

José Conde, meanwhile, was responsible for the Stark-Condé Pepin Condé 2011, a wine from Elgin fruit, 20% fermented and matured for seven months in older oak. On the winery’s website, he writes as follows: “My winemaking approach for this Sauvignon Blanc was influenced by two ideas that I have regarding this varietal: first, that many South African Sauvignon Blancs are dominated by green, unripe flavours; and second, that with so many similar wines on the market, why make the same wines as everyone else?”

Carl van der Merwe, previously of Quoin Rock where he made his unusual take on Sauvignon Blanc called The Nicobar, saw his De Morgenzon DMZ 2011 (including grapes from Stellenbosch, Durbanville and Elgin, 5% fermented and matured in barrel) finish well in this year’s competition. “Until now, most winemakers have favoured a very technical, reductive approach to making Sauvignon. I work carefully but not reductively – less free sulphur, less CO2, less ascorbic acid. I want a wine that’s not just about aromatics but has weight and texture on the palate.”

Of course, methoxypyrazines aren’t the whole story when it comes to Sauvignon Blanc. The other big talking point is thiols, a set of compounds formed from precursors during fermentation which produce the cat’s pee, grapefruit and granadilla characteristics. Once thiols are introduced into the debate, it’s easy to arrive at a grassy versus fruity dichotomy but this is not helpful – the best examples aren’t that readily labelled. 

In fact, the Sauvignon Blanc Interest Group, which now convenes the Top 10 competition, is keen to promote all of five different styles, these being: 1) green and herbaceous, 2) yellow fruit/tropical fruit, 3) flinty and mineral, 4) blackcurrant and elderberry or wooded and 5) barrel fermented and matured. This, however, might be too detailed and intricate to have ready application for the man in the street.

Perhaps the most sensible observation that’s been made recently was by Erika Obermeyer of Graham Beck Wines and chairperson of SBIG, who said “Ultimately it should always be about the balance and synergy between pyrazines and thiols in any particular wine”. The point is that the issues at stake when determining Sauvignon Blanc quality are the same as they are for all wine - things like complexity, purity, balance and length are what should be rewarded. And if we’ve got beyond the running joke that you needed to take a Rennie antacid tablet with your glass of Sauvingon Blanc so much the better.
 
This article has been read 3554 times.

Natural Balance Kwispedoor - 17 September 2012
I think there are good wines to be found through all of those styles. One reservation I have with the riper wines is their maturation ability. The vast majority of these styles still receive acid adjustments, which means the wine doesn't have natural balance. Harvest early and you need to be careful of unripe fruit and harsh acid. Harvest late and the balance becomes an issue: high alcohols and acid additions. Along with a deft hand in the vineyards, the operative word remains "balance".
time to analysie what we are playing with Jean Vincent RIDON - 20 September 2012
Dear Christian, coming for Sancerre I have been puzzled to see how the industry has been desperately aiming at physical hard greenness. I know the first reason was to copycat the successful sauvignon from New Zeland where the very cool/cold climate is naturally generating these green balanced compounds. But we all deal with the 34 to 32 parallel, which makes us the equivalent of Tripoli or Tunis! So for years we have been dealing with unripe fruits worked very reductively to offer these pungent greenish flavors. On the other hand the market was opening itself to Sauvignon, making it easily recognisable to the crowds, and enjoyable for social drinks, even with ice cubes in it. As much as all the styles have a reason to be, and a market to serve, this kind of green sauvignon became a standard supported by our own wine and spirit board, praising wines that have been displaying unnatural, or illegal flavours, and rejecting many subtle and elegant sauvignon for their lack of varietal character. It became a huge pressure onto winemakers to deliver this style at the risk of having wine rejected, which means facing the risk of having their employer unhappy, or even doubting the winemaker's capacity. This was a run to hell, and we ended up producing many wines which were caricature of wines, but fitting the W&S board. There is a price to pay. The new markets love caricature wines, it was true for "Fetzer Sundial" type of chardonnay in the 80', with 15g residual and pure vanilla, then it was the 'rosemount shiraz' fashion of the 90', as well very physical, then catpee aspergus Sauvignon hit the scene at the turn of the century. Now we have these cocoa or coffee perfumed wines, the new easily identifiable fashion of physical wines... The great side is that these fashions brought new wine drinkers into the market, but as they get educated, their palate starts to get bored with caricature wines, and aim at more balanced, elegant, drinkable, less aggressive type of wines. It means that we can't sustain the green sauvignon fashion, and none of the former fashion could be sustained. We have been planting sauvignon everywhere, even if places far too warm for this delicate grape. For many of these vines, there is no alternative to technical green reductive winemaking. The ones closer to the sea will be able to produce a riper, fruitier, balanced sauvignon, a sauvignon that can age and improve like chardonnay in the bottle. But these producers will probably have to face the technical committee of the W&S board to have their wine considered. If we want some perennial support for our sauvignon industry we will have to adapt our styles, and then only the good terroirs will shine, even if some winemaker's ego will have to be twisted in the process. So if the industry goes for fruit, flintiness, balance and length, we are on the good direction, as long as our W&S board accepts to update their taste ( the same taste allowing illegal sauvignon to be certified not long ago) and accepts the diversity. And for the farmers who planted sauvignon at the wrong place, but as an opportunity to cash on a fashion, they will have to wait until noble late harvest is back in fashion, because sauvignon shines in this category!


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